General File Info
There are three basic types of cuts on files
Single cut is one series of parallel teeth running diagonally across the file. This type is used for sharpening purposes or anywhere where a smooth finish is required. Examples of single cut files: Mill Bastard/second cut/smooth, Mill Coarse,
Saw files in general. Note: Mill files are flat shaped, but due to their single cut they are called “Mill”.

Double cut is two series of parallel teeth running diagonally crossing each other forming a criss cross pattern. This cut is used for rapid stock removal. Examples of double cut files: Flat Bastard/Second cut/Smooth,  Halfround Bastard/second cut/smooth, Round Bastard/second cut/smooth.

Rasps have large individually formed teeth and are generally used for wood. Rasps come in halfround, flat and round shape. Available in bastard, 2nd cut or smooth.

Files generally come in 4 different coarsenesses
Coarse cut is used for extra fast stock removal. Laminate files generally belong to this category.
Bastard cut is most popular cut used for material removal, general purpose use.
Second cut is medium cut for moderate stock removal.
Smooth cut for a smooth finish and limited stock removal.

The number of teeth per inch determines the aggressiveness of the file. The more teeth you have per inch,
the finer the file is.

Measuring a file
The length of the file is measured from point to shoulder. Needle files and rifflers are measured including the handle.

* A file tooth is a razor sharp cutting edge, therefore a file should never touch another file. Do not stack files without protective wrapper.

Tips On Using Files

• Always use a handle when using a file. Gently force the handle over the tang as far as it goes. Then tap it with a mallet until it is securely fastened.

• Apply pressure on the file only on the forward stroke, raise it on the return stroke. Failure to raise the file on return stroke will result in broken teeth.

• When starting with a brand new file, use only light pressure to “break the file in”. If possible, use the file on softer materials at first. Both of these tricks will give your file a longer life.

• Do not file too fast, you might effect the hardness of the files.

• The object to be filed and the file must be clean to prevent slipping.

• The object must be properly secured so it can not vibrate. Vibration can break off the tips of the sharp teeth.

• Cleaning of the file: For oil and grease use chalk and a file card. For metal shavings tap the file lightly or use a file card or a sharp metal blade. A natural bristle brush is the best way to clean a laminate file. For wood use boiling water and a file card (oil the file after cleaning)

• Files are cutting tools with sharp edges, and they should be kept in a dry place away from other tools to avoid tooth breakage. A block of wood with holes on the wall is a good safe place for files.

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